Hadrons

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The quarks contribute little to the nucleon mass. The main mass is derived from the binding energy. This is caused by the massless gluons. Seequarks form a large part of the nucleon mass. They only exist between the nucleons. They are electrically neutral, i. e. they contain the same number of positive and negative third party charges. Thus, they are identical to the gluons in terms of eltar structure, they differ only geometrically. It is obvious that the gluons that bind the nucleons together and the Seequarks oscillate around each other. The binding bridge pairs then alternately consist of one gluon and one rear-quarc. The mesons suspected so far in the atomic nucleus would be obsolete. Due to the extremely short life span of the rear-quarks, it is highly unlikely that they will be realized second and third generations in nature.

 

Unloaded quarks are intermediate transformations of gluons (binding energy), they produce the bulk of the nucleons as rearquarks.

 

From the combinatorics of the elementary model of particle physics, the particles can also be represented beyond the standard model. Here, is assumed to be supersymmetric to the individual particles. Bosons become fermions and fermions become bosons. The ring structures in star structures change and the star structures in ring structures change. It can be deduced from the geometric structure analysis, which is omitted here, that all these supersymmetric partners are unstable.

 

 

 

X.2 Mesons

 

 

Mesons are formed from the combination of a quark and an antiquark. Their spin is integer, so they are not subject to the pauli exclusion principle. The binding between the quarks can take place in one quarklayer as vector mesons or in two layers as scalar mesons. The simplest ones are shown here.

                                     

 

Vektorboson Spin 1                                         Scalarmeson  Spin 0                              Pseudovektorboson